Racial [Ethnic] Map of Europe, 1919

For a detailed, 2470 x 1582 pixel image of the Racial Map of Europe (from Source Records of the Great War [National Alumni, 1923] vol. 7) click:

Racial Map of Europe, high compression, 234,411 bytes.

Racial Map of Europe, medium compression (better quality), 651,524 bytes.
This map is a relic of the mania for national self-determination that followed World War I. Simply stated, the idea was that, wherever two or more people of one ethnic group are gathered together, they should have their own nation state. Or something close to that. It was a stupid idea then, and it has not improved with age.
When the creators of this map used the term "race" they meant "speech or culture group". "Ethnic Group" would be the modern term. In modern usage, "race" tends to connote a biological classification, though the term is seldom defined precisely, if at all, by those who use it. Recent research has shown that genetic differences between European ethnic groups are trivial. See L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza et al., The History and Geography of Human Genes [Princeton: The Princeton University Press, 1994].

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